Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology
Volume 20, Issue 4 , Pages 559-565 , August 2010

The peroneus reaction time during sudden inversion test: Systematic review

  • Maryela de Oliveira Menacho

      Affiliations

    • Physical Therapy, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
    • Laboratory of Kinesiologic Electromyography and Kinematic, Brazil
  • ,
  • Hugo Maxwell Pereira

      Affiliations

    • Physical Therapy, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
    • Laboratory of Kinesiologic Electromyography and Kinematic, Brazil
  • ,
  • Beatriz Ito Ramos de Oliveira

      Affiliations

    • Adapted Physical Activity, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
  • ,
  • Laylane Majana Pavão Messias Chagas

      Affiliations

    • Osteopathy and Manual Therapy, Universidad Catolica San Anton, Spain
  • ,
  • Michelli Toshiro Toyohara

      Affiliations

    • Orthopaedic Physical Therapy, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Brazil
  • ,
  • Jefferson Rosa Cardoso

      Affiliations

    • Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
    • Laboratory of Kinesiologic Electromyography and Kinematic, Brazil
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Address: Hospital Universitario Regional Norte do Parana, Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, Londrina 86038-440, PR, Brazil. Tel.: +55 (43) 3371 2649; fax: +55 (43) 3371 2459.

Received 27 August 2009 ,Revised 16 November 2009 ,Accepted 17 November 2009.

References 

  1. Beckman SM, Buchanan TS. Ankle inversion injury and hypermobility: effect on hip and ankle muscle electromyography onset latency. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995;76(12):1138–1143
  2. Benesh S, Pütz W, Rosenbaum D, Becker H. Reliability of peroneal reaction time measurements. Clin Biomech. 2000;15(1):21–28
  3. Berg CL, Hart JM, Palmieri-Smith R, Cross KM, Ingersoll CD. Cryotherapy does not affect peroneal reaction following sudden inversion. J Sport Rehabil. 2007;16(4):285–294
  4. Brunt D, Andersen JC, Huntsman B, Reinhert LB, Thorell AC, Sterling JC. Postural responses to lateral perturbation in healthy subjects and ankle sprain patients. Med Sci Sport Exer. 1992;24(2):171–176
  5. Cordova ML, Bernard LW, Au KK, Demchak TJ, Stone MB, Sefton JM. Cryotherapy and ankle bracing effects on peroneus longus response during sudden inversion. J Electromyogr Kinesiol [in press]. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.03.012.
  6. Dickersin K, Scherer R, Lefebvre C. Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews. BMJ. 1994;309(6964):1286–1289
  7. Ebig M, Lephart SM, Burdett RG, Miller MC, Pincivero DM. The effect of sudden inversion stress on EMG activity of the peroneal and tibialis anterior muscles in the chronically unstable ankle. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther. 1997;26(2):73–77
  8. Eechaute C, Vaes P, Duquet W, Gheluwe BV. Test–retest reliability of sudden ankle inversion measurements in subjects with healthy ankle joints. J Athl Training. 2007;42(1):60–65
  9. Eechaute C, Vaes P, Duquet W, Gheluwe BV. Reliability and discriminative validity of sudden ankle inversion measurements in patients with chronic ankle instability. Gait Posture. 2009;30(1):82–86
  10. Fernandes N, Allison GT, Hopper D. Peroneal latency in normal and injured ankles at varying angles of perturbation. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000;375:193–201
  11. Freeman MA, Wyke B. Articular reflexes at the ankle joint: an electromyographic study of normal and abnormal influences of ankle-joint mechanoreceptors upon reflex activity in the leg muscles. Brit J Surg. 1967;54(12):990–1001
  12. Freeman MA, Dean MR, Hanham IW. The etiology and prevention of functional instability of the foot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1965;47(4):678–685
  13. Fritschy D, de Reynier JC, Blanc Y. Plastic surgery of the ligament for chronic lateral instability of the ankle. Int Orthop. 1988;12(3):239–247
  14. Gauffin H, Tropp H. Altered movement and muscular-activation patterns during the one-legged jump in patients with an old anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Am J Sports Med. 1992;20(2):182–192
  15. Hertel J. Functional instability following lateral ankle sprain. Sports Med. 2000;29(5):361–371
  16. Hertel J. Functional anatomy, pathomechanics, and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability. J Athl Training. 2002;37(4):364–375
  17. Isakov E, Mizrahi J, Solzi P, Suzak Z, Lotem M. Response of the peroneal muscles to sudden inversion of the ankle during standing. Int J Sports Biomech. 1986;2:100–109
  18. Jackson ND, Gregory GM, Thomas K. The effect of fatigue and habituation on the stretch reflex of the ankle musculature. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2009;19(1):75–84
  19. Johnson MB, Johnson CL. Electromyographic response of peroneal muscles in surgical and nonsurgical injured ankles during sudden inversion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1993;18(3):497–501
  20. Karlsson J, Andreasson GO. The effect of external ankle support in chronic lateral ankle joint instability: an electromyographic study. Am J Sports Med. 1992;20(3):257–261
  21. Konradsen L, Ravn JB. Ankle instability caused by prolonged peroneal reaction time. Acta Orthop Scand. 1990;61(5):388–390
  22. Konradsen L, Ravn JB. Prolonged peroneal reaction time in ankle instability. Int J Sports Med. 1991;12(3):290–292
  23. Konradsen L, Ravn JB, Sorensen AI. Proprioception at the ankle: the effect of anaesthetic blockade of ligament receptors. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1993;75(3):433–436
  24. Konradsen L, Voigt M, Hojsgaard C. Ankle inversion injuries. The role of the dynamic defense mechanism. Am J Sports Med. 1997;25(1):54–58
  25. Konradsen L, Olesen S, Hansen HM. Ankle sensorimotor control and eversion strength after acute ankle inversion injuries. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26(1):72–77
  26. Lentell G, Baas B, Lopez D, McGuire L, Sarrels M, Snyder P. The contributions of proprioceptive deficits, muscle function, and anatomic laxity to functional instability of the ankle. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995;21(4):206–215
  27. Lephart SM, Fu FH. Proprioception and neuromuscular control in joint stability. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2000;p. 45–160
  28. Linford CW, Hopkins JT, Schulthies SS, Freland B, Draper DO, Hunter I. Effects of neuromuscular training on the reaction time and electromechanical delay of the peroneus longus muscle. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87(3):395–401
  29. Löfvenberg R, Kärrholm J, Sundelin G, Ahlgren O. Prolonged reaction time in patients with chronic lateral instability of the ankle. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23(4):414–417
  30. Lynch SA, Eklund U, Gottlieb D, Renstrom PA, Beynnon B. Electromyographic latency changes in the ankle musculature during inversion moments. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24(3):362–369
  31. Matsutaka N, Yokoyama S, Tsurusaki T, Inokuchi S, Okita M. Effect of ankle disk training combined with tactile stimulation to the leg and foot on functional instability of the ankle. Am J Sports Med. 2001;29(1):25–30
  32. Michelson JD, Hutchins C. Mechanoreceptors in human ankle ligaments. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1995;77(2):219–224
  33. Mitchel A, Dyson R, Hale T, Abraham C. Biomechanics of ankle instability. Part 1: reaction time to simulated ankle sprain. Med Sci Sport Exer. 2008;40(8):1515–1521
  34. Morey-Klapsing G, Arampatzis A, Brüggemann GP. Choosing EMG parameters: comparison of different onset determination algorithms and EMG integrals in a joint stability study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2004;19(2):196–201
  35. Myers JB, Riemann BL, Hwang JH, Fu FH, Lephart SM. Effect of peripheral afferent alteration of the lateral ankle ligaments on dynamic stability. Am J Sports Med. 2003;31(4):498–506
  36. Nawoczenski DA, Owen MG, Ecker ML, Altman B, Epler M. Objective evaluation of peroneal response to sudden inversion stress. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1985;7(3):107–109
  37. Osborne MD, Chou LS, Laskowski ER, Smith J, Kaufman KR. The effect of ankle disk training on muscle reaction time in subjects with a history of ankle sprain. Am J Sports Med. 2001;29(5):627–632
  38. Pacheco AM, Vaz MA, Pacheco I. Evaluation of the time for the electromyographic response in volleyball athletes and non-athletes who had ankle sprain. Braz J Sports Med. 2005;11(6):325–330
  39. Schmidt R, Gergrou H, Friemert B, Herbst A, Claes L. The peroneal reaction time (PRT) – reference data in a healthy sample population. Foot Ankle Int. 2005;26(5):382–386
  40. Sheth P, Yu B, Laskowski ER, An KN. Ankle disk training influences reaction times of selected muscles in a simulated ankle sprain. Am J Sports Med. 1997;25(4):538–543
  41. Silva BARS, Martinez FG, Pacheco AM, Pacheco I. Effects of the exercise-induced muscular fatigue on the time of muscular reaction of the fibularis in healthy individuals. Braz J Sports Med. 2006;12(2):85–89
  42. Solomonow M. Ligaments: a source of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2004;14(1):49–60
  43. Wilson EL, Madigan ML. Effects of fatigue and gender on peroneal reflexes elicited by sudden ankle inversion. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2006;17(2):160–166

PII: S1050-6411(09)00166-7

doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.11.007

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology
Volume 20, Issue 4 , Pages 559-565 , August 2010